How quickly could a vertebrate eye evolve

< 364,000 Years

A complex eye could evolve surprisingly quickly

A model found that, even with cautious assumptions about mutations, natural selection, and generation time, a vertebrate-style eye could evolve from a simple patch of light-sensitive cells in less than 364,000 years.

The Dead Sea’s surface has shrunk

About 33%

The Dead Sea’s surface had shrunk about 33% since the 1960s. Water diversion from the Jordan River has helped drive the retreat. By 2021, the river’s annual inflow was estimated at under 100 million cubic metres, compared with former flows of 1.2–1.3 billion.

Cassette tapes carried culture beyond official channels

Small, durable cassette tapes were easy to copy. Behind the Iron Curtain, they carried underground rock and punk. In Egypt, people used them to create and share culture and challenge regimes before public internet access.

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How quickly could a vertebrate eye evolve

A complex eye could evolve surprisingly quickly

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