World War I trench warfare modernism realism

Trench warfare made realism seem inadequate

The strange and extreme experience of trench warfare during World War I made conventional realistic art seem unable to show what people were experiencing. An idea once held by a minority became much more widely accepted.

Pendulum clocks cut daily errors from minutes to seconds

About 10 Seconds Per Day

A pendulum takes almost the same amount of time for each swing, making it useful for keeping time. Christiaan Huygens used this idea in his 1656 pendulum clock. Early versions were wrong by less than a minute per day, and later ones cut the error to about 10 seconds.

A raccoon's old instinct overpowered its training

A raccoon trained to put coins into a box began rubbing the coins with its paws instead. The movement resembled the animal's natural food-handling behavior and interfered with the learned task. This return of an instinct during training is called instinctive drift.

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World War I trench warfare modernism realism

Trench warfare made realism seem inadequate

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