modernism reused transformed material collage parody

Modernist art made new work from old material

Modernism rejected the idea that original art had to start from nothing. Artists made new work by reusing and changing existing material, using methods such as collage, revision, and parody.

Stars move through a galaxy's spiral arms

The bright spiral arms of a galaxy are not permanent groups of the same stars. Stars move into and out of the arms. The arms are denser regions where gas is compressed and new stars are more likely to form.

The Union blockade drove ordinary ships from Confederate ports

European ships stopped calling at Confederate ports because they could not get insurance and were too slow to evade the Union blockade. Fast blockade runners still smuggled supplies, but the South exported less than 10% of its cotton.

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modernism reused transformed material collage parody

Modernist art made new work from old material

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