Why cold salty water sinks in the North Atlantic

Salt and cold can send ocean water downward

In the Norwegian Sea, more water evaporates than falls as rain or snow, making surface water saltier. Cooling makes it colder as well. Cold, salty water is heavy enough to sink and then flow south through the deep ocean.

A mantis shrimp's punch can strike its prey twice

Some mantis shrimp swing specialized clubs so quickly that the surrounding water forms vapor bubbles. The first impact comes from the club itself; collapsing bubbles then create additional pressure pulses through cavitation. These forces can help crack hard shells. The animal's weapon combines a mechanical blow with an extreme fluid-physics effect.

A dangerous AI would not need to be conscious

One proposed AI risk is that a very capable system could take harmful actions simply because those actions help it reach a goal it was given. In this scenario, the system would not need feelings, awareness, or consciousness to be dangerous.

Like this? There’s a whole feed of it. Replace empty scrolling with things worth knowing.

Download Hence for free

Why cold salty water sinks in the North Atlantic

Salt and cold can send ocean water downward

Keep exploring