Roman expansion provincial wealth farmers slave-run estates conflict

Rome’s overseas expansion deepened conflict at home

As Rome expanded abroad, provincial wealth enriched senators, while long military service left small farmers unable to care for their land. Estates run by enslaved people also reduced paid work. These pressures intensified economic and political conflict in the Republic.

Public sacrifice reinforced Aztec rule

Aztec rulers publicly sacrificed warriors from conquered states. These sacrifices displayed the ruling class’s claim to divine authority and deterred rebellion, helping hold together a loosely organized empire.

Some conquered lowlands lacked grass for horse armies

Steppe nomads could travel far on horseback, but mountains and deserts blocked some routes. Some conquered lowlands had too little open grass to feed large horse armies. Nomadic rulers therefore often adapted to the richer settled societies they had conquered.

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Roman expansion provincial wealth farmers slave-run estates conflict

Rome’s overseas expansion deepened conflict at home

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