Mesodinium rubrum passes chloroplasts to Dinophysis

Stolen photosynthesis parts can pass along a food chain

The ciliate Mesodinium rubrum takes chloroplasts from the plankton Geminigera cryophila. It can then pass those parts, which let cells photosynthesize, to predatory Dinophysis. The stolen photosynthesis machinery can move from one organism to another along a food chain.

The richest 10% held 72% of U.S. wealth

In 2011, the richest 10% of U.S. adults owned 72% of household wealth. The bottom half owned just 2%.

Ancient oceans turned dissolved iron into rock

Early deep oceans could hold large amounts of dissolved iron. When iron-rich water met water containing oxygen, the iron reacted, formed solid compounds, and sank to the seafloor. Repeated over time, this process helped create Earth's striped deposits of iron-rich rock.

Mesodinium rubrum passes chloroplasts to Dinophysis

Stolen photosynthesis parts can pass along a food chain

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