Io volcanic activity Jupiter tidal interaction resurfacing

Volcanoes keep giving Jupiter's moon Io a new surface

Jupiter's gravity repeatedly stretches and squeezes its moon Io, heating the moon's interior. This powers enormous volcanic activity that continually covers old ground with new material. Io is the most volcanically active world known in the Solar System.

Al-Biruni reasoned that unknown inhabited lands could exist

About Two-Fifths Of Earth’S Circumference

Al-Biruni calculated that the known lands of Africa, Europe, and Asia covered only about two-fifths of Earth's circumference. From the empty space left over, he reasoned that other inhabited land could exist between Asia and Europe, centuries before Europeans reached the Americas.

The Black Death may have helped finance the Renaissance

The Black Death devastated Europe, but labor shortages later increased wages and bargaining power for some survivors. In certain places, inherited wealth also became concentrated among fewer people. Historians have suggested that these economic changes helped create conditions for greater spending on art and culture, although the Renaissance had many causes.

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Io volcanic activity Jupiter tidal interaction resurfacing

Volcanoes keep giving Jupiter's moon Io a new surface

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