Indonesia 1930 census literacy Roman alphabet

Indonesia's 1930 census used a narrow literacy measure

6% counted as literate

The census counted graduates of Western schools and people who could read and write in Roman alphabets. It left out literacy gained through non-Western schools or other writing systems, so the figure did not capture the population's full range of languages and scripts.

Hearing neighbors may use the same sign language

In small, closely connected communities where deafness is common, hearing residents may adopt the sign language used by deaf residents. Deaf people there may be well integrated into community life rather than forming a separate, disadvantaged group.

Young sea slugs can regrow a body from the head

Young Elysia sea slugs can shed a body infected with internal parasites, then regrow a new one from the detached head. The head keeps chloroplasts—parts taken from algae—that let it use sunlight to make food and survive without its digestive system.

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Indonesia 1930 census literacy Roman alphabet

Indonesia's 1930 census used a narrow literacy measure

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