Eduard Buchner yeast extract fermentation dead cells

Yeast can ferment sugar even after its cells are destroyed

In 1897, Eduard Buchner ground up yeast cells and removed the living cells. The remaining liquid could still cause fermentation. This showed that chemicals made inside cells could drive fermentation without the whole living organism being present.

Falling Dead Sea waters help form sinkholes

As the Dead Sea’s level falls, the groundwater level drops too. Freshwater then flushes brines from underground layers near the shore and dissolves salt. Cavities form, and their collapse can create sinkholes.

One king ruled England and Scotland while they remained separate countries

In 1603, James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became James I of England. The two kingdoms now shared a monarch but kept separate parliaments, legal systems and institutions. They did not become a single political state until the Acts of Union in 1707. Sharing a ruler was not the same as merging countries.

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Eduard Buchner yeast extract fermentation dead cells

Yeast can ferment sugar even after its cells are destroyed

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