aircraft contrails cirrus clouds net warming

Aircraft contrails warm Earth on average

High-altitude aircraft, especially large jetliners, emit aerosols and contrails that can increase cirrus cloud formation. Cirrus clouds can both cool and warm Earth, but thin natural cirrus and contrails have a net warming effect on average.

3,828 liquidators

Chernobyl's roof had to be cleared by people after robots failed

High radiation disabled many remote-controlled robots sent to clear debris from the Chernobyl reactor roof. Instead, 3,828 workers had to remove the most radioactive pieces by hand. Some could stay on the roof for only 40–90 seconds at a time.

Britain gave a trading company powers normally reserved for governments

The English East India Company began as a commercial enterprise, but royal charters granted it extraordinary authority overseas. In territories under its control, it could administer justice, maintain armed forces, mint money and negotiate with other powers. A private company could therefore operate simultaneously as a merchant, military force and government.

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aircraft contrails cirrus clouds net warming

Aircraft contrails warm Earth on average

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