Afghanistan kangina vessels preserve fresh grapes

Mud-and-straw containers can keep grapes fresh for six months

In rural Afghanistan, people make containers called kangina from mud and straw and seal fresh grapes inside. The container controls moisture and the movement of gases well enough to preserve the grapes for up to six months without refrigeration.

A tiny excess of matter was enough to build the universe we see

≈1 in 100 million

The early universe contained almost equal amounts of matter and antimatter. When the two destroyed each other, only a tiny excess of matter remained—about one surviving particle for every 100 million original matter particles. That small leftover became the matter around us today.

Animals depend on microbes for vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is produced naturally by certain bacteria and archaea, not by animals or plants. Animals obtain it through their diets or relationships with microorganisms. Humans get B12 mainly from animal-derived foods, fortified products or supplements. A vitamin essential to human health ultimately originates in microbial metabolism.

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Afghanistan kangina vessels preserve fresh grapes

Mud-and-straw containers can keep grapes fresh for six months

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