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The Moon is moving farther from Earth

~38 mm/year

Laser measurements show that the Moon moves about 38 millimeters farther from Earth each year. Earth's days are lengthening as tidal friction transfers angular momentum from Earth's rotation to the Moon's orbit.

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A nonexistent island marked a border

Old maps showed Isle Phelipeaux in Lake Superior as an apparent duplicate of Isle Royale. Explorers used it as a landmark for the boundary between the United States and the territory that would become Canada, but later surveys found no island there.

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The Sun is almost a perfect sphere

~8 parts per million

The Sun rotates, so its equator should bulge slightly outward. But measurements show that the difference between its equatorial and polar radii is extraordinarily small. Despite being a turbulent ball of hot plasma, the Sun is far closer to a perfect sphere than many familiar rotating objects.

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Jumping spiders use fluid pressure to extend their legs

A jumping spider can straighten its legs for a powerful leap by forcing body fluid into them under pressure. This lets it jump without needing large muscles to extend those leg joints.

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Prussia dominated Germany's federal empire

⅔ of the empire's population

The German Empire was formally made up of separate states, but Prussia held three-fifths of its territory and two-thirds of its population. In practice, the imperial army was an enlarged Prussian army.

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