Why some plants absorb carbon dioxide at night

Some plants take in carbon dioxide at night

CAM plants open tiny pores in their leaves at night and take in carbon dioxide, storing it in another chemical form. During the day, they release the CO₂ inside the leaf for photosynthesis while keeping the pores closed. This helps them save water in dry places.

Freed Russian serfs often still rented land

The 1861 emancipation freed more than 23 million serfs, but many still needed land from their former masters. Their small communal plots could lack pasture, and serfs had to pay the government for land while landlords received compensation.

AI can discriminate without race or gender inputs

An AI system can still make discriminatory decisions when it excludes race and gender. Inputs such as a person's address or shopping history can act as proxies because they correlate with those attributes.

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Why some plants absorb carbon dioxide at night

Some plants take in carbon dioxide at night

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