Why post-revolutionary France created a two-house legislature

France split its lawmaking body in two to slow sudden change

After the French Revolution, France replaced one lawmaking chamber with two. It also made elections less direct and limited voting based on property. These changes were meant to make sudden political shifts harder after years of upheaval.

The Dead Sea’s surface has shrunk

About 33%

The Dead Sea’s surface had shrunk about 33% since the 1960s. Water diversion from the Jordan River has helped drive the retreat. By 2021, the river’s annual inflow was estimated at under 100 million cubic metres, compared with former flows of 1.2–1.3 billion.

Cassette tapes carried culture beyond official channels

Small, durable cassette tapes were easy to copy. Behind the Iron Curtain, they carried underground rock and punk. In Egypt, people used them to create and share culture and challenge regimes before public internet access.

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Why post-revolutionary France created a two-house legislature

France split its lawmaking body in two to slow sudden change

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