triboelectric series cyclic material charging

Materials can charge in a cycle

In some three-material comparisons, each material can become positively charged when paired with the next, forming a cycle rather than a simple ranking. Even two pieces of the same material can become charged when they touch.

France split its lawmaking body in two to slow sudden change

After the French Revolution, France replaced one lawmaking chamber with two. It also made elections less direct and limited voting based on property. These changes were meant to make sudden political shifts harder after years of upheaval.

Dead stars could become GPS satellites for spacecraft

Some rapidly spinning dead stars emit X-ray pulses with remarkably predictable timing. A spacecraft could compare pulses from several of these stars to calculate its location, much like GPS uses signals from satellites. NASA has already demonstrated the principle experimentally. Unlike Earth-based GPS, the method could work across the Solar System.

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triboelectric series cyclic material charging

Materials can charge in a cycle

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