Signor-Lipps effect fossil extinction timing

Fossils can make extinction look gradual

Because the fossil record is incomplete, a species may have lived on after its last known fossil appeared. The gap can make the species’ extinction look more gradual than it was, even though the fossils do not show exactly when it died out.

Colonial Americans saw liberty in Magna Carta

The 1215 agreement between England’s King John and rebel barons was not written as a charter of universal rights for ordinary people. Centuries later, people interpreted it that way, and that view helped shape colonial Americans’ ideas about liberty and the U.S. Constitution.

Plant cells may photosynthesize because their ancestors swallowed bacteria

Chloroplasts, the parts of plant cells that perform photosynthesis, appear to be descendants of bacteria swallowed by ancient cells. Chloroplasts still keep signs of this origin, including their own circular DNA and bacteria-like machinery for making proteins.

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Signor-Lipps effect fossil extinction timing

Fossils can make extinction look gradual

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