red dwarf infrared ice snowball planets

Planets around red dwarfs may resist freezing over

Cool red dwarf stars give off more of their energy as infrared light. Ice absorbs more of this light instead of reflecting it away. Because of that, planets around these stars may be less likely to freeze completely.

Some viruses can make their hosts more resistant to bacterial infections

Viruses are usually discussed as causes of disease, but some persistent viral infections can alter a host's immune response in useful ways. Experiments in mice have shown that certain latent herpesvirus infections can temporarily improve resistance to particular bacterial pathogens. The effect depends on the virus, host and circumstances; it does not mean viral infections are generally beneficial.

“Atheist” did not always mean denying God

In early modern religious disputes, the label could describe someone who believed in God but denied that God guided events, or held views judged incompatible with accepted Christian teaching. The word alone does not show whether a person denied God's existence.

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red dwarf infrared ice snowball planets

Planets around red dwarfs may resist freezing over

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