New Caledonia ultramafic soils native plants

Toxic soils give native plants an edge

New Caledonia has soils rich in minerals that are toxic to many plants. Native species adapted to these soils can grow there, while foreign plants are poorly suited to them. This helps protect native plants from being displaced.

Thousands died during the Trail of Tears

Estimated 13,200–16,700 Deaths

Between 1830 and 1850, the Trail of Tears forcibly removed an estimated 60,000 Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to lands farther west. An estimated 13,200–16,700 died along the forced march.

Socrates left no writings of his own

The Athenian philosopher Socrates wrote nothing. Accounts by others, especially Plato and Xenophon, often contradict each other, making it hard to separate the historical man from the versions those writers presented.

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New Caledonia ultramafic soils native plants

Toxic soils give native plants an edge

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