Madagascar share of world natural vanilla

During Cuba's struggle for independence in the 1890s, Spanish authorities forced large numbers of rural civilians into designated towns and camps to separate them from insurgents. Overcrowding, hunger and disease caused catastrophic mortality. Historical estimates vary, but the policy killed enormous numbers of people and helped turn international opinion against Spanish rule.

A virus can escape a bacterium's CRISPR defense by changing the DNA sequence that the defense recognizes. The bacterium may then need to save a new matching piece of viral DNA to protect itself again. This creates an ongoing evolutionary arms race between virus and bacterium.