Julius Caesar name Kaiser Tsar ruler title

Caesar’s name became a ruler’s title

About 2,000 Years

The Roman name Caesar became a title for the highest ruler. German Kaiser and Slavic Tsar, also spelled Czar, came from it. For about 2,000 years, at least one head of state bore a form of the name.

Sea turtles use Earth’s field as a map

Loggerhead and green sea turtles can use features of Earth’s magnetic field that vary from place to place. The field helps them tell where they are, not just which direction to go. This was the first magnetic map described in an animal.

Rivers helped build the huge plain below the Himalayas

India’s collision with the Eurasian landmass pushed up the Himalayas. Just south of the mountains, the land sank into a huge low area. Rivers gradually filled it with sand, mud, and other material, creating the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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Julius Caesar name Kaiser Tsar ruler title

Caesar’s name became a ruler’s title

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