How the immune system learns not to attack the body

The immune system has to learn not to attack your own body

Young immune cells that strongly attack the body's own molecules are normally destroyed or held back. Autoimmune disease can develop when this protection fails. Not attacking your own body is therefore something the immune system must actively maintain.

Replacing ozone-damaging gases brought a climate cost

CFCs and HCFCs used in air conditioners damaged the ozone layer. HFCs were introduced to replace them, but they worsen climate change. Newer HFO refrigerants have no ozone-depletion potential and much lower global-warming potential.

AI safeguards can be removed after model weights are released

If an AI model's trained weights are released publicly, people can make their own copies and modify them. They may be able to remove safeguards such as refusal rules. Once many copies have spread online, the original creator cannot simply delete all of them.

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How the immune system learns not to attack the body

The immune system has to learn not to attack your own body

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