DR Congo 70 percent world cobalt ore 2023

One country supplied about 70% of the world's mined cobalt in 2023

~70% in 2023

The Democratic Republic of the Congo dominated global cobalt mining in 2023, supplying roughly 70% of production. Cobalt is used in many rechargeable batteries, although some battery chemistries avoid it entirely. The concentration of mining in one country creates supply-chain risks and raises questions about labor conditions and environmental impacts.

Refugees carried manuscripts from Constantinople to Italy

After Constantinople fell, refugees carried thousands of Greek and Latin manuscripts to Italy, helping stimulate the Renaissance. Before the city's fall, Constantinople's libraries had preserved these works during periods when many similar writings were being destroyed in Western Europe and North Africa.

Flames become rounder and bluer in near-weightlessness

Without normal gravity, hot gases do not rise from a flame in the usual way. Flames can become round, blue, and more efficient, while soot and hot gases spread differently. Carbon dioxide can still build up around the flame and put it out.

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DR Congo 70 percent world cobalt ore 2023

One country supplied about 70% of the world's mined cobalt in 2023

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