deep ocean heat capacity climate effects

The deep ocean stores far more heat

~50× the mixed layer’s heat capacity

The ocean’s deep layers have about 50 times the heat capacity of its mixed layer. They respond over millennia, delaying the effects of climate change. As the ocean warms, its expansion also contributes to sea-level rise.

Electric fish stack thousands of cells into living batteries

Some electric fish arrange thousands of modified muscle or nerve cells into electric organs. The cells work together like a stack of tiny batteries. The fish can use the resulting electricity to stun prey or sense nearby objects.

Bronze Age migration transformed Iberia's male ancestry

Ancient DNA reveals a major population change in the Iberian Peninsula during the Bronze Age. People carrying steppe-related ancestry contributed substantially to later populations, while previously common Y-chromosome lineages were largely replaced in the sampled populations. The difference between overall ancestry and paternal lineages suggests a strongly sex-biased demographic process.

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deep ocean heat capacity climate effects

The deep ocean stores far more heat

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