Britain land connection Ireland Eurasia sea level

Britain lost its land links in two stages

As sea levels rose after the last ice age, Britain first lost its land connection to Ireland about 10,000 years ago. Around 2,000 years later, rising water also cut its remaining land connection to mainland Europe.

An ancient number system still shapes our clocks and circles

Ancient Mesopotamians used a number system based on 60. Traces of it remain in everyday measurements: an hour has 60 minutes, and a circle has 360 degrees.

Fish do not fit a simple ladder of animal intelligence

Mammals and birds have often been treated as smarter partly because their brains are large compared with their bodies. But fish can form mental maps, stop automatic actions, change learned rules, solve new obstacles, and show responses linked to the states of other fish. Animal intelligence does not fit neatly onto one ladder.

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Britain land connection Ireland Eurasia sea level

Britain lost its land links in two stages

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